Captage et Stockage du Carbone (CSC)

In plants that convert coal or biomass into synthesis gas (syngas – a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide), CO₂ is removed before combustion. In-line Detonation Detonation Explosion propagating at supersonic velocity and characterized by a shock wave. Flame Arresters Flame arrester Device fitted to the opening of an enclosure, or to the connecting pipe work of a system of enclosures, and whose intended function is to allow flow but prevent the transmission of a flame. protect high- pressure Pressure (gauge pressure) Pressure for which the value is equal to the algebraic difference between the absolute pressure and the atmospheric pressure. gasifier lines against flashback Flashback Phenomenon occurring in a flammable mixture of air and gas when the local velocity of the combustible mixture becomes less than the flame velocity, causing the flame to travel back to the point of mixture. and explosions Explosion Abrupt oxidation or decomposition reaction producing an increase in temperature, pressure, or in both simultaneously. caused by highly volatile gases such as hydrogen and syngas.

In oxy-fuel systems, fuel is burned in (nearly) pure oxygen, producing an exhaust stream consisting mainly of carbon dioxide and water vapor. Flame Arresters installed in the oxygen feed lines and vapor recycling loops prevent local ignition or flashback from propagating upstream toward pure oxygen storage, thereby minimizing explosion Explosion Abrupt oxidation or decomposition reaction producing an increase in temperature, pressure, or in both simultaneously. risk.

Post‑combustion capture systems commonly use liquid chemical solvents (such as amines) to absorb carbon dioxide. The solvent is then heated in a stripper column to release purified CO₂. Flame Arresters installed on vapor recovery vents safely isolate volatile organic solvent vapors from potential external ignition sources, preventing flashback and explosion Explosion Abrupt oxidation or decomposition reaction producing an increase in temperature, pressure, or in both simultaneously. .

Carbon capture from anaerobic digesters and municipal waste‑to‑energy plants must handle raw biogas, primarily methane mixed with carbon dioxide. End‑of‑line and in-line Deflagration Flame Arresters Deflagration flame arrester Flame arrester designed to prevent the transmission of a deflagration. It can be an end-of-line flame arrester or an in-line flame arrester. are mounted directly on biogas storage tanks and process lines to stop external atmospheric flames from propagating into the system, ensuring safe and reliable operation.